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An electric guitar is a guitar that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert vibrations of its metal strings into electric signals. Since the created signal is too weak to drive the loudspeaker, it is amplified before delivering it to a loudspeaker. Since the result of an electric guitar is an electric transmission, the signal may easily become altered using electronic circuits to include colour to the sound. Often the Harmonia signal is modified using effects for example reverb and distortion. Conceived in 1931, the electric guitar became essential as jazz musicians sought in order to enhance their sound. Since then, it offers evolved into a stringed musical instrument capable of a variety of sounds and styles. It offered like a major component in the development of rock and roll and countless other genres of music.

Some electric electric guitars possess a tremolo arm (sometimes known as the "whammy bar" or "vibrato arm" and occasionally abbreviated as trem), a lever attached to the particular bridge which can slacken or tighten the strings temporarily, changing the presentation, thereby creating a vibrato or even a portamento effect. The name "tremolo bar" can be somewhat misleading. It would be more accurate and appropriate to call it a vibrato bar. Tremolo is a fluctuation associated with volume. Vibrato is a fluctuation of pitch, which is what the benefit pub produces. Early vibrato systems, such as the Bigsby vibrato tailpiece, very untrustworthy and cause the guitar to go from tune quite easily, and also had a limited range. Later Fender styles were much better, but Fender held the obvious on these, therefore other companies utilized Bigsby-style vibrato for several years.

Electric guitars usually have up to three magnetic pick-ups. Identical pickups may have different shades depending on how near they are towards the neck or link, with bridge pickups having a brilliant or trebly timbre, and throat pickups being more warm or even bassy. The type of pickup also impacts tone, along with dual-coil pickups sounding warmer, heavier, perhaps even muddy, plus single coil pickups sounding clear, bright, perhaps even biting. Guitars do not need to be installed with an uniform type of pickup: a typical mixture is the "fat strat" set up of one dual-coil in the bridge place, with single coils in the middle and neck positions.

Where there is more than one pickup, selector switching is fitted. These frequently allow the outputs of several pick-ups to be combined, so that two-pickup guitars have three-way switches, plus three-pickup guitars have five-way fuses. Further circuitry is sometimes provided to mix the particular pickups in different ways. For instance, phase switching places one pick-up away from phase with the other(s), leading to a "honky", "nasal", or "funky" sound. Individual pickups can also get their timbre altered by switches, typically coils tap switch, which effectively short-circuits some of a dual-coil pickup's windings, giving a tone like a solitary coil pickup.